CAXA制造工程师2008用户手册|就上UG网

1.1  概述
CAXA 制造工程师是在 Windows 环境下运行 CAD/CAM 一体化的数控加工编程软件。软件集成了数据接口，几何造型，加工轨迹生成，加工过程仿真检验，数控加工代码生成，加工工艺单生成等一整套面向复杂零件和模具的数控编程功能为了方便用户对制造工程师的使用需求，自制造工程师 2006r5 版以后采用了按不同的加工模块进行销售的方式。本说明书是一本通用的说明书，请用户根据自己所购买的模块，阅读相应的章节。

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CAXA制造工程师2008用户手册

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实体曲面结合方便的特征实体造型
采用精确的特征实体造型技术，可将设计信息用特征术语来描述，简便而准确。通常的特征包括孔、槽、型腔、凸台、圆柱体、圆锥体、球体、管子等，CAXA 制造工程师可以方便地建立和管理这些特征信息。先进的“精确特征实体造型”技术完全抛弃了传统的体素拼合和交并差的繁琐方式，使整个设计过程直观、简单。实体模型的生成可以用增料方式，通过拉伸、旋转、导动、放样或加厚曲面来实现；也可以通过减料方式，从实体中减掉实体或用曲面裁剪来实现。还可以用等半径过渡、变半径过渡、倒角、打孔、增加拔模斜度和抽壳等高级特征功能来实现。
强大的 NURBS 自由曲面造型
CAXA 制造工程师继承和发展了 CAXA 制造工程师以前的版本的曲面造型功能。从线框到曲面，提供了丰富的建模手段。可通过列表数据、数学模型、字体文件及各种测量数据生成样条曲线；通过扫描、放样、拉伸、导动、等距、边界网格等多种形式生成复杂曲面；并可对曲面进行任意裁剪、过渡、拉伸、缝合、拼接、相交、变形等，建立任意复杂的零件模型。通过曲面模型生成的真实感图，可直观显示设计结果。
灵活的曲面实体复合造型
基于实体的“精确特征造型”技术，使曲面融合进实体中，形成统一的曲面实体复合造型模式。利用这一模式，可实现曲面裁剪实体、曲面生成实体、曲面约束实体等混合操作，是用户设计产品和模具的有力工具。如图 1-1、1-2 所示生成的实体模型。

CAXA

第 1 章 软件介绍.............................................................................................................................1
1.1 概述 ................................................................................................................................1
1.2 功能介绍 ..........................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 实体曲面结合..........................................................................................................1
1.2.2 优质高效的数控加工..............................................................................................2
1.2.3 新技术的知识加工..................................................................................................3
1.2.4 Windows 界面操作..................................................................................................4
1.2.5 丰富流行的数据接口..............................................................................................4
1.3 启动《CAXA 制造工程师》..........................................................................................4
1.3.1 系统需求..................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 系统安装..................................................................................................................4
1.3.3 系统运行..................................................................................................................5
第 2 章 界面介绍 ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 绘图区 ..............................................................................................................................6
2.2 主菜单 ..............................................................................................................................7
2.3 立即菜单 ..........................................................................................................................7
2.4 快捷菜单 ..........................................................................................................................7
2.5 对话框 ..............................................................................................................................9
2.6 工具条 ..............................................................................................................................9
2.7 点工具菜单 ....................................................................................................................11
2.8 矢量工具 ........................................................................................................................11
2.9 选择集拾取工具 ............................................................................................................12
第 3 章 文件管理 ...................................................................................................................... 13
3.1 新建 ..............................................................................................................................13
3.2 打开 ..............................................................................................................................14
3.3 保存 ..............................................................................................................................15
3.4 另存为 ............................................................................................................................15
3.5 打印 ..............................................................................................................................15
3.6 打印设置 ........................................................................................................................16
3.7 并入文件 ........................................................................................................................17
3.8 读入草图 ........................................................................................................................17
3.9 样条输出 ........................................................................................................................17
3.10 输出视图 ........................................................................................................................18
3.11 保存图片 ........................................................................................................................21
3.12 退出 ..............................................................................................................................22
3.13 数据接口 ........................................................................................................................22
3.14 CAXA 实体设计数据....................................................................................................23
第 4 章 编辑 ............................................................................................................................. 24
4.1 取消上次操作 ................................................................................................................24
4.2 恢复已取消的操作.........................................................................................................24
4.3 删除............................................................................................................................ 24
4.4 剪切 ............................................................................................................................ 25
4.5 拷贝 ..............................................................................................................................25
4.6 粘贴 ..............................................................................................................................25
4.7 线面不可见 ....................................................................................................................25
4.8 线面可见 ........................................................................................................................26
4.9 线面层修改 ....................................................................................................................26
4.10 元素颜色修改 ................................................................................................................26
4.11 编辑草图 ........................................................................................................................26
4.12 修改特征 ........................................................................................................................27
4.13 终止当前命令 ................................................................................................................27
第 5 章 显示...................................................................................................................................28
5.1 显示变换 ........................................................................................................................28
5.1.1 显示重画................................................................................................................28
5.1.2 显示全部................................................................................................................28
5.1.3 显示窗口................................................................................................................29
5.1.4 显示缩放................................................................................................................29
5.1.5 显示旋转................................................................................................................29
5.1.6 显示平移................................................................................................................30
5.1.7 显示效果................................................................................................................30
5.1.8 显示上一页............................................................................................................31
5.1.9 显示下一页............................................................................................................32
5.2 视向定位 ........................................................................................................................32
5.3 显示工具条 ....................................................................................................................34
第 6 章 工具...................................................................................................................................36
6.1 坐标系 ............................................................................................................................36
6.1.1 创建坐标系............................................................................................................36
6.1.2 激活坐标系............................................................................................................38
6.1.3 删除坐标系............................................................................................................39
6.1.4 隐藏坐标系............................................................................................................39
6.1.5 显示所有坐标系....................................................................................................39
6.2 查询 ..............................................................................................................................40
6.2.1 坐标........................................................................................................................40
6.2.2 距离........................................................................................................................40
6.2.3 角度........................................................................................................................41
6.2.4 元素属性................................................................................................................41
6.2.5 零件属性................................................................................................................41
6.2.6 粗加工层轨迹........................................................................................................41
6.3 点工具 ............................................................................................................................42
6.4 矢量工具 ........................................................................................................................42
6.5 选择集拾取工具 ............................................................................................................43
第 7 章 设置 ............................................................................................................................. 44
7.1 当前颜色..........................................................................................................................44
7.2 层设置 ............................................................................................................................44
7.3 拾取过滤设置 ................................................................................................................46
7.4 系统设置 ........................................................................................................................47
7.5 光源设置 ........................................................................................................................49
7.6 材质设置 ........................................................................................................................50
7.7 自定义 ............................................................................................................................50
7.7.1 工具条设置............................................................................................................51
7.7.2 键盘命令设置........................................................................................................53
7.7.3 菜单设置................................................................................................................54
第 8 章 数据接口...........................................................................................................................55
第 9 章 曲线 ............................................................................................................................. 58
9.1 曲线生成 ........................................................................................................................58
9.1.1 直线........................................................................................................................58
9.1.2 圆弧........................................................................................................................61
9.1.3 圆............................................................................................................................63
9.1.4 矩形........................................................................................................................64
9.1.5 椭圆........................................................................................................................65
9.1.6 样条........................................................................................................................65
9.1.7 点............................................................................................................................66
9.1.8 公式曲线................................................................................................................68
9.1.9 多边形....................................................................................................................69
9.1.10 二次曲线..............................................................................................................70
9.1.11 等距线..................................................................................................................71
9.1.12 曲线投影..............................................................................................................72
9.1.13 相关线..................................................................................................................73
9.1.14 样条→圆弧..........................................................................................................75
9.1.15 文字......................................................................................................................75
9.2 曲线编辑 ........................................................................................................................76
9.2.1 曲线裁剪................................................................................................................76
9.2.2 曲线过渡................................................................................................................79
9.2.3 曲线打断................................................................................................................81
9.2.4 曲线组合................................................................................................................81
9.2.5 曲线拉伸................................................................................................................82
9.2.6 曲线优化................................................................................................................82
9.2.7 样条编辑................................................................................................................82
9.3 几何变换 ........................................................................................................................83
9.3.1 平移........................................................................................................................84
9.3.2 平面旋转................................................................................................................84
9.3.3 旋转........................................................................................................................85
9.3.4 平面镜像................................................................................................................85
9.3.5 镜像........................................................................................................................86
9.3.6 阵列........................................................................................................................86
9.3.7 缩放........................................................................................................................87
第 10 章 曲面生成.........................................................................................................................88
10.1 曲面生成 ........................................................................................................................88
10.1.1 直纹面..................................................................................................................88
10.1.2 旋转面..................................................................................................................90
10.1.3 扫描面..................................................................................................................91
10.1.4 导动面..................................................................................................................92
10.1.5 等距面..................................................................................................................96
10.1.6 平面......................................................................................................................97
10.1.7 边界面..................................................................................................................99
10.1.8 放样面..................................................................................................................99
10.1.9 网格面................................................................................................................101
10.1.10 实体表面..........................................................................................................102
10.2 曲面编辑 ......................................................................................................................103
10.2.2 曲面裁剪............................................................................................................103
10.2.3 曲面过渡............................................................................................................106
10.2.4 曲面缝合............................................................................................................114
10.2.5 曲面拼接............................................................................................................115
10.2.6 曲面延伸............................................................................................................120
10.2.7 曲面优化............................................................................................................121
10.2.8 曲面重拟合........................................................................................................121
10.3 应用实例 ......................................................................................................................122
第 11 章 特征生成.......................................................................................................................125
11.1 草图绘制 ......................................................................................................................125
11.1.1 确定基准平面..............................................................................................125
11.1.2 选择草图状态..............................................................................................127
11.1.3 草图绘制......................................................................................................127
11.1.4 编辑草图......................................................................................................127
11.1.5 草图参数化修改..........................................................................................127
11.1.6 草图环检查..................................................................................................129
11.1.7 退出草图状态..............................................................................................129
11.2 轮廓特征 ......................................................................................................................130
11.2.1 拉伸增料......................................................................................................130
11.2.2 拉伸除料......................................................................................................132
11.2.3 旋转增料......................................................................................................134
11.2.4 旋转除料......................................................................................................135
11.2.5 放样增料......................................................................................................136
11.2.6 放样除料......................................................................................................137
11.2.7 导动增料......................................................................................................138
11.2.8 导动除料......................................................................................................139
11.2.9 曲面加厚增料..............................................................................................141
11.2.10 曲面加厚除料..............................................................................................143
11.2.11 曲面裁剪......................................................................................................145
11.3 处理特征 ......................................................................................................................146
11.3.1 过渡..............................................................................................................146
11.3.2 倒角..............................................................................................................148
11.3.3 孔..................................................................................................................148
11.3.4 拔模..............................................................................................................149
11.3.5 抽壳..............................................................................................................150
11.3.6 筋板..............................................................................................................151
11.4 阵列特征 ......................................................................................................................152
11.4.1 线性阵列......................................................................................................152
11.4.2 环形阵列......................................................................................................153
11.4.3 基准面..........................................................................................................154
11.5 模具生成 ......................................................................................................................156
11.5.1 缩放..............................................................................................................156
11.5.2 型腔..............................................................................................................156
11.5.3 分模..............................................................................................................157
11.6 实体布尔运算 ..............................................................................................................158
11.7 实例 ............................................................................................................................160
第 12 章 数控加工.......................................................................................................................166
12.1 数控加工概述...............................................................................................................166
12.2 数控加工的基本概念...................................................................................................166
12.3 加工功能中通用参数设置功能介绍...........................................................................170
12.3.1 毛坯..............................................................................................................170
12.3.2 起始点..........................................................................................................171
12.3.3 刀具库..........................................................................................................172
12.3.4 刀具参数......................................................................................................173
12.3.5 加工边界......................................................................................................174
12.3.6 切削用量......................................................................................................176
12.3.7 下刀方式......................................................................................................177
12.4 加工功能介绍 ..............................................................................................................179
12.4.1 区域式粗加工 ...................................................................................................179
12.4.2 等高线粗加工 ..................................................................................................188
12.4.3 摆线式粗加工 ...................................................................................................198
12.4.4 扫描线粗加工 ..................................................................................................206
12.4.5 插铣式粗加工 ..................................................................................................209
12.4.6 导动线粗加工 ..................................................................................................212
12.4.7 参数线精加工 ..................................................................................................217
12.4.8 等高线精加工 ..................................................................................................220
12.4.9 扫描线精加工 ..................................................................................................227
12.4.10 三维偏置加工加工.........................................................................................233
12.4.11 浅平面精加工.................................................................................................236
12.4.12 限制线精加工 ................................................................................................240
12.4.13 导动线精加工 ................................................................................................244
12.4.14 轮廓线精加工 ................................................................................................252
12.4.15 深腔侧壁精加工 ............................................................................................259
12.4.16 笔式清根加工 ................................................................................................262
12.4.17 等高线补加工 ................................................................................................265
12.4.18 区域式补加工 ................................................................................................272
12.4.19 扫描式铣槽 ....................................................................................................275
12.4.20 曲线式铣槽 ....................................................................................................281
12.4.21 孔加工 ............................................................................................................284
12.4.22 工艺孔设置 ....................................................................................................285
12.4.23 工艺孔加工 ....................................................................................................286
12.4.24 轨迹编辑 ........................................................................................................289
12.4.25 工艺清单 ........................................................................................................295
12.4.26 知识加工-生成模板.......................................................................................301
12.4.27 知识加工-应用模板.......................................................................................302
12.5 后置处理.......................................................................................................................303
12.5.1 后置设置 ...........................................................................................................303
12.5.2 后置处理设置 ...................................................................................................309
12.5.3 生成 G 代码.......................................................................................................312
12.5.4 校核 G 代码.......................................................................................................313
12.6 轨迹仿真......................................................................................................................314
12.7 轨迹树操作..................................................................................................................324
12.8 加工功能介绍二..........................................................................................................327
12.8.1 平面区域粗加工 ...............................................................................................327
12.8.2 等高线粗加工 2 ...............................................................................................329
12.8.3 平面轮廓精加工 ..............................................................................................330
12.8.4 等高线精加工 2 ...............................................................................................335
12.8.5 轮廓导动精加工 ..............................................................................................336
12.8.6 笔式清根加工 2 ...............................................................................................338
12.8.7 区域式补加工 2 ...............................................................................................339
12.8.8 曲面轮廓加工 ..................................................................................................341
12.8.9 曲面区域加工 ..................................................................................................344
12.8.10 投影线精加工 ................................................................................................346
12.8.11 G01 钻孔..........................................................................................................349
第 13 章 宏加工...........................................................................................................................351
第 14 章 多轴加工.......................................................................................................................357
14.1 四轴曲线加工 ..............................................................................................................357
14.2 四轴平切面加工 ..........................................................................................................364
14.3 叶轮粗加工 ..................................................................................................................370
14.4 叶轮精加工 ..................................................................................................................373
14.5 五轴 G01 钻孔..............................................................................................................378
14.6 五轴侧铣 ......................................................................................................................380
14.7 五轴等参数线 ..............................................................................................................383
14.8 五轴曲线 ......................................................................................................................385
14.9 五轴曲面区域 ..............................................................................................................387
14.10 转四轴轨迹................................................................................................................389
14.11 五轴定向加工............................................................................................................390
第 15 章 编程助手.......................................................................................................................392
15.1 文件 ............................................................................................................................392
15.1.1 新建...................................................................................................................392
15.1.2 打开...................................................................................................................393
15.1.3 关闭...................................................................................................................393
15.1.4 保存...................................................................................................................394
15.1.5 另存为 ...............................................................................................................394
15.1.6 打印...................................................................................................................394
15.1.7 打印预览 ...........................................................................................................395
15.1.8 打印设置 ...........................................................................................................396
15.1.9 退出...................................................................................................................396
15.2 编辑............................................................................................................................ 396
15.2.1 撤消...................................................................................................................396
15.2.2 剪切...................................................................................................................396
15.2.3 复制...................................................................................................................397
15.2.4 粘贴...................................................................................................................397
15.2.5 全选...................................................................................................................397
15.2.6 查找...................................................................................................................397
15.2.7 替换...................................................................................................................398
15.2.8 多次替换 ...........................................................................................................399
15.2.9 转到指定行 .......................................................................................................400
15.3 代码编辑 ......................................................................................................................401
15.3.1 代码转换 ...........................................................................................................401
15.3.2 添加跳过字符 ...................................................................................................402
15.3.3 删除跳过字符 ...................................................................................................404
15.3.4 添加行号 ...........................................................................................................405
15.3.5 删除行号 ...........................................................................................................407
15.3.6 重置行号 ...........................................................................................................408
15.3.7 库文件 ...............................................................................................................409
15.3.8 添加空格 ...........................................................................................................409
15.3.9 删除空格 ...........................................................................................................410
15.3.10 对齐模式 .........................................................................................................411
15.3.11 紧凑模式..........................................................................................................411
15.4 图形显示 ......................................................................................................................412
15.4.1 旋转中心 ...........................................................................................................412
15.4.2 平移...................................................................................................................413
15.4.3 缩放...................................................................................................................413
15.4.4 旋转...................................................................................................................414
15.4.5 全部显示 ...........................................................................................................415
15.4.6 局部缩放 ...........................................................................................................415
15.4.7 视图...................................................................................................................416
15.5 仿真 ............................................................................................................................416
15.5.1 加工仿真 ...........................................................................................................416
15.5.2 仿真报告 ...........................................................................................................418
15.6 机床通讯 ......................................................................................................................418
15.6.1 发送代码 ...........................................................................................................418
15.6.2 接收代码 ...........................................................................................................419
15.6.3 传输设置 ...........................................................................................................419
15.7 查看............................................................................................................................ 420
15.7.1 窗口...................................................................................................................420
15.7.2 新建窗口 ...........................................................................................................420
15.7.3 层叠...................................................................................................................420
15.7.4 平铺...................................................................................................................421
15.8 设置 ............................................................................................................................421
15.8.1 设置...................................................................................................................421
15.8.2 刀具库 ...............................................................................................................427
15.8.3 字体...................................................................................................................429
15.9 帮助 ............................................................................................................................430
15.10 软件安装和卸载........................................................................................................431
15.10.1 安装.................................................................................................................431
15.10.2 卸载.................................................................................................................435
第 16 章 编程助手应用案例..................................................................................................437
16.1 刀具径向补偿（G41/G42）........................................................................................437
16.2 代码段与轨迹段的关联...............................................................................................439
16.3 换刀模拟及 G83 啄式钻孔等的模拟..........................................................................440
16.4 代码的转换 ..................................................................................................................440
16.5 含各类循环及变量的代码读入案例...........................................................................441
16.5.1 单次循环代码读入案例....................................................................................441
16.5.2 循环嵌套代码读入案例....................................................................................442
16.5.3 旋转指令代码读入案例....................................................................................444
16.5.4 刀具长度及径向补偿变量代码读入案例........................................................445
16.5.5 子程序调用支持案例........................................................................................447
16.5.6 螺旋插补代码读入案例....................................................................................449
16.5.7 比例缩放代码支持案例....................................................................................450
16.6 代码编辑处理 ..............................................................................................................452
16.7 代码与机床的单机通信...............................................................................................453
附 录 1（ FANUC 指 令 支 持 ） ........................................................................................455
编程助手—— Fanuc 指令表..............................................................................................455
G 代码表 .............................................................................................................................455
M 代码表 ............................................................................................................................457
宏语言指令...........................................................................................................................458
附 录 2 (SIEMENS 指 令 支 持 ) ......................................................................................459
编程助手—— SIEMENS 指令表.......................................................................................459
G 代码表 .............................................................................................................................460
M 代码表 ............................................................................................................................460
固定循环指令.......................................................................................................................461
坐标变换指令.......................................................................................................................462